The Economics of Ketchup

The Economics of Ketchup Free Online Research Papers Ketchup is the most broadly utilized sauce in the United States. It tends to be found in 97% all things considered, an indicating coordinated uniquely by salt and pepper as indicated by Gidman (2010). Ketchup has been well known in the United States for almost 200 years and today is devoured by 93% of the populace. Agreeing the NPD Group, a statistical surveying firm, 56% of ketchup is devoured on three primary nourishments: Hamburgers, wieners, and French fries which remain the most eaten food sources for children and grown-ups, as indicated by a Survey of National eating Trends (2010). Heinz is the lord of ketchup It claims 60% of the ketchup advertise. Heinz ketchup has dramatically increased their deals and volume of its closest rival Hunts. Chases is the second significant ketchup brand which is trailed by a littler piece of the pie of different conventional, private marks and gourmet ketchups. Del Monte has the littlest piece of the overall industry of these main four ketchup classifications (2010). Heinz was established in 1869 by Henry John Heinz, the Heinz brand controls the ketchup advertise with enlisted deals of $267.1 million out of 2005. ConAgra, the producer of the second spot Hunt’s Ketchup, trailed behind with a 16 percent. Del Monte scarcely made it with a 5.3 percent of piece of the pie falling behind the private name and gourmet marks that held a 17 percent. (Gidman, 2010). Anyway in 2008, a visually impaired trial of 20 ketchup brands was led and 35.8 million tons of ketchup was expended at this taste testing in Toronto, Canada. In look for a top choice, Hunt’s ketchup governed the challenge with â€Å"Best Overall Ketchup with America’s Choice Tomato Ketchup as first second place. Heinz followed the challenge in second next in line and Best Healthy Ketchup as third. Ketchup has gotten increasingly serious since its creation and will keep on being progressively serious later on because of the developing interest and need. In spite of the bombed brand expansions and rivalry from all the more socially impacted fixings, Smith doesn't see a decrease in the ketchup classification coming at any point in the near future and he looks to nearby food markets as confirmation. Numerous gourmet food stores convey in any event 15 unique sorts of ketchup and these are not the fundamental three brands (2010). Cafés are likewise serving new ketchup, which they make themselves, which demonstrates ketchup to be an energizing field that hasn’t become stale. Besides, there is a global market for the ketchup. Ketchup is being utilized on everything from pasta, moves, meatballs, fishballs, and so on. There is a change as per the nearby need. For example, Kraft Foods, created a paprika enhanced ketchup for the European market. (2010). With this global intrigue, ketchup is picking up reputation in the commercial center. While the food business is developing by and large, sauces have figured out how to out play out the entire parcel, as indicated by another report from Mintel International Group, Chicago, on the U.S. ketchup advertise. This represented about $3 billion in deals in 2001 with a solid consistent development over these previous hardly any years. With expansion balanced development averaging 3.2% every year in the course of recent years, ketchup deals are well in front of the general food value pattern, which is nearer to 2.5%. Ketchup deals have grown a normal of just 1.5% every year. Hence, the business has been fruitful in expanding costs. Ketchup is one of the requesting toppings of cheap food industry. It is chiefly utilized with burgers, chips, French fries and even as a base for different sauces. With its advancement in eighteenth century, the ketchup has changed from dainty and watery fluid to thick pureed tomatoes. The worldwide ketchup showcase is developing at a fast pace because of changing food propensities for the individuals in creating countries, simple accessibility and its taste upgrade properties. Tomato being the significant element of ketchup gives different enemy of maturing and medical advantages to the purchasers. With the nearness of an exceptionally modest number of huge global players, the ketchup advertise is profoundly divided with a high offer taken up by the nearby organizations. It is likewise in incredible interest as an ever increasing number of families are compelled to eat dinners at home during these troublesome monetary occasions. References (2008). Trial: Ketchup (Epicurious). Message presented on epicurious.com/articleguides/everydaycooking/tastetests/ketchuptastetest Gidman, J. (2008, December). Your Chance (Ketchup/Heinz/Hunt’s/Del Monte/ConAgra/Condiment/brandchannel.com). Message presented on randchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=450 Manors Boas, M. J. (2003, May). The Ketchup Marketplace: Retailer, Manufacturer, and Individual Consumer (), Message presented on http://groups.haas.berkely.edu/mareting/PAPERS/VILLAS/ket5-2003.pdf Examination Papers on The Economics of KetchupAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL investigation of IndiaGenetic EngineeringHip-Hop is ArtBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationResearch Process Part One

The Vision of the New World That the Colonists Brought to America Essay Example for Free

The Vision of the New World That the Colonists Brought to America Essay New England, then again, had formed into a religion and family based society involved generally white collar class families by 1700. Taking a gander at the landscape, government, and the individuals themselves, uncovers pieces of information about how the extraordinary split in the public arena became. While dwelling in England, the Puritans and devoted Catholics confronted mistreatment, which prompted their migration to the New World. Numerous gatherings and wards applied for contracts to America and, drove by their cleric, the Pilgrims and Puritans made the long journey to North America. Their religion turned into a one of a kind component in the New England settlements by 1700. Prior to handling, the gatherings chose understandings, marking laws and agreements to guarantee a network exertion towards endurance when they came to shore, and keeping in mind that settling in New England. Their solid feeling of network and confidence in God drove them to build up a persevering society by year 1700. Their towns were efficient, with the congregation being the premise of everyones day by day life, and they needed to set up fairness and have everybody cooperating in agreement. Family was a significant piece of the Puritan religion, so their boats accompanied twenty-two men and twenty-one ladies, so there was security. They took in helpful cultivating procedures from the Native Americans, and cultivating was their prime wellspring of the economy. The Puritan hard working attitude shielded individuals from working for extraordinary material addition. The Puritans were diligent employees who had objective for a strictly cleansed town. Not every person in England was confronting unforgiving oppression and numerous voyagers went to the New World with high any expectations of notoriety and gold, which prompted various clashes. It was a land for the rich to get more extravagant. The individuals that were doled out to the boats bound for Jamestown (Chesapeake Region) came without their families and their ages went from old to youthful, however fundamentally oung men. The men dwarfed the ladies six to one. This made the general public be increasingly clamorous on the grounds that there were many broken families and a frantic scramble for the couple of ladies. The pioneers in the Chesapeake district fundame ntal objective were to get rich, or to increase new land and discover gold. As indicated by John Smith, all the individuals could do was live for gold; it was their solitary reason. The Chesapeake Bay pilgrims needed to persevere through the brutality of their new condition. The atmosphere was not good and about portion of the individuals kicked the bucket in view of introduction to maladies or starvation. Those that were fortunate and endure these hardships were left to battle with the neighborhood Indians. Dis-composed and unfit to discover piles of gold, huge tobacco ranches were begun and cultivating was taken up by the pilgrims. These businesspeople were not use to being rural ranchers. This was the reason things were so troublesome before John Smith took lead of the settlement with his â€Å"You don’t work, you don’t eat† attitude. Individuals were not acclimated with difficult work and physical work, and the settlement was kicking the bucket moderate. Because of the hardships the main importation of subjection started in the provinces. From the outset obligated hirelings were being utilized to till the ground, however they were far less misused than the slaves. Obligated hirelings worked for the individual who paid their way to the Colony until the profundities were paid off, yet soon their administrations were less valuable and slaves were being imported in huge numbers. The pioneer grower were bringing in cash and increasing huge benefits off of free work. The improvement of the two societies may likewise have been the consequence of the territory the gatherings involved. In the Chesapeake locale, the homesteaders chose damp marshland that was difficult to guard and considerably progressively hard to get by in. With such a large number of individuals kicking the bucket from illness and starvation, and the extraordinary deficiency of eligible ladies, the populace developed gradually, if by any means. Families were more gatherings of filthy youngsters half related, from various dads. Visit demise made unnatural family life a typical thing. In the New England settlements, the individuals picked level, reasonable ground that left them with simple to furrow fields. The dirt and strict convictions were perfect for resource cultivating, which implied little, sensible ranches that would accommodate a group of eight to ten. Since the ranchers looked uniquely to take care of themselves, there was nearly nothing, assuming any, requirement for additional abor; having most, if not all, laborers accessible inside their own family. The moderate atmosphere made sickness an irregularity in the settlement, and demise considerably more so. The fair family life and food flexibly implied increasingly capable di sapproved of pioneers. Society had a man centric structure of man before lady and lady before youngster. Youngsters themselves skirted a youth and were treated as grown-ups at an early age. They were relied upon to comply with their folks and keep confidence in the congregation. Every one of these components together prompted Northern thriving and development. The land itself was significant, all the more so was the means by which it got utilized for benefit. This land is cash conviction was a special quality of the district by 1700. The thought process in benefit additionally assisted with creating society in the Chesapeake area. The Chesapeake men found tobacco and started a wild creation of it from their ranches. Since tobacco exhausted the dirt quickly, new land was consistently an unquestionable requirement. To gain this land, well off proprietors paid for hirelings to be brought over and till the ground. Every wa given a land award of fifty sections of land, which was not worth such much. Be that as it may, the men were bringing more than ten, twenty, possibly thirty hirelings to work in the tobacco fields. Thirty men at fifty sections of land a piece mean a ton of land, so the land proprietors began to get bondage and progressively dark individuals to work their fields. Rather than developing tobacco, New England ranchers were destined to deliver grain or corn, which helped them remain all around took care of during long winter months. They were progressively worried about the endurance of their families than the benefit they could make from the rich soil, so the food was not sold for a benefit. Or maybe, the settlement became self-supporting in the issue of food. With food dealt with, the New England states were left to import ovens, tea, and flavors, in addition to other things. Since they just expected to develop food to help their own family as resource ranchers, New England ranchers infrequently had anything else than their unique real esatate. This made a progressively equivalent reality for all proprietors, agreeable or battling. The contrasts between the New England states and the Chesapeake provinces prompted separate social orders when of the 1700s. Farming, thought process, individuals, religion, and landscape are largely factors that influenced how they became separated. Nonetheless, it is additionally through the activities of the men and lady who settled in the areas, and the decisions they made, that prompted the advancement of these two provinces.

Some Theories of Personality Essay

Character Presentation  â â â â â â â â â â There are various characters that individuals show in life as per diverse life circumstances that they experience or are living in. The most widely recognized character that a run of the mill individual is probably going to show today that has been portrayed by Sigmund Freud is that of personality. This is so in light of the fact that in the most piece of our lives, we depend on oblivious piece of brain (George, 2010). This part is the source truth of what can be managed, how and when. It controls our wants based on what we should have at a specific time and on the off chance that we can't bear the cost of it around then, the sense of self educates an individual to defer it for one more day.  â â â â â â â â â â We are infrequently obliged to refute or repulse getting perceptive of certain drives and in this way, they as a rule show in a shrouded structure however the conscience makes these drives real(George, 2010). Albeit individuals want to have things that they consider are significance to them, this piece of psyche makes them mindful of what they can manage the cost of or what they can't bear. The sense of self causes the common individual to relate things that the person needs to the truth (Sow and Chan, 2010). It subsequently drives an individual into searching for objects that can fulfill what the person in question needs but since of the failure to gain them, they repay with some other wellspring of fulfillment.  â â â â â â â â â â Relating to the present reality, individuals are going through a huge number of cash in scan for self-acknowledgment through projects that are offered by a few firms. These projects assist them with getting edified and they rapidly turn their lives around. To this end, these individuals feel that on the off chance that they understand themselves, they will have the option to carry on with an upbeat life. They in this manner are happy to go through whatever the cash they consider important to take a crack at the projects that will assist them with acknowledging themselves. A large portion of these people are well off or fairly capable of supporting themselves if not affluent but rather, they don't understand joy in their riches or capacity. The main way they can get this joy is through going through their cash not on purchasing costly belongings yet by going through that cash to look for vanity (George, 2010).  â â â â â â â â â â Similarly, contingent upon the degree of necessities, a great many people are driven by a longing to gather riches throughout their life. As they see, being well off methods being glad since, they can stand to purchase all that they want with their riches. Accordingly, they would do anything inside their capacity to fulfill their longing. At times, the defended methods for procuring riches that have been directed by the general public may not support such people. They are, along these lines, driven by their wants to make different intends to accomplish their objectives. These different methods might be legitimate for instance, through contributing or beginning a business or might be unlawful for instance, the selling of medications, debasement, taking, and commanding storing up among other illicit methods (Sow& Chan, 2010).  â â â â â â â â â â Unfortunately, when one want is accomplished, the body continues longing for additional. Such people structure a malady out of a propensity during the time spent fulfilling their inspirations (Weiten et al, 2011). They in this manner recognize by the methods wherein they accomplish their wants and this stifles their recognition on the current cultural laws. On the off chance that the action that they accomplish their wants through is unlawful, they consider it legitimate and normal. Later on, after such people collect more riches, they understand that the riches isn't sufficient to satisfy them. Now, they put resources into programs that are outfitted towards accomplishing self-acknowledgment (Weiten et al, 2011).  â â â â â â â â â â Such a character influences a run of the mill person’s conduct in a few different ways. In the first place, the person in question figures out how to adjust between the hearty wants and the real world desires (Sow and Chan, 2010). At the point when one is commanded by vigorous wants, the individual in question can justify those wants using sense of self character. On the off chance that the individual permits the vigorous wants character to command, the individual in question conflicts with the cultural standards or the specified laws. To this end, such an individual is said to be a crook.  â â â â â â â â â â Secondly, when an individual is driven by the craving to get affluent through hoarding of riches either through adjustment to specified laws or nullifying the laws, they are transformed into riches making machines whose job is to make riches. This has added to disappointment in social structures, for example, the family due to the brief period these people need to focus on building social connections. No big surprise the high pace of broken relationships and families. This has left the little youngsters without the most fundamental supporters of their character at early age to be specific; father and mother. Inadequacy in character advancement on youngsters continues adding to the torments of the present reality (George, 2010).  â â â â â â â â â â Through commitment in illicit methods for fulfilling an individual’s want, the pace of wrongdoings in the nation continues rising. It gets hard for the person to make the right decision on the grounds that the piece of character that is answerable for illuminating is desensitized from perceiving the privilege from an inappropriate. This is risky in light of the fact that the individual would effectively keep up his wellspring of riches. No big surprise there are numerous deaths in places enslaved by unlawful business, for example, the medication distributing cartels (Sow& Chan, 2010). References George,B. (2006). Character Theories. Discovered online at: htttp://www.social-psychology.de/do/pt_freud.pdf Sow, Gaik and Chan, Wai. (2010). Character Development. Discovered online at: http://elearning.ibc.ac.th/locales/default/documents/personality%20development_0.pdfWeiten, W.,Dunn, D. and Hammer, E.Y. (2011). Brain research Applied to Modern Life; Adjustment in the 21st Century: Tenth Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth-Cengage. Source report

An Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Opening of The Rise and Fall of Little Voice - Literature Essay Samples

The Rise and Fall of Little Voice is in many ways a ‘la pià ©ce bien faite’ (translated as ‘well-made play’), which consists of a four point structure: an exposition; a complication and a climax followed by a denouement. Certainly, the exposition can be identified as the first scene, where the audience is introduced to the actors and the play’s main themes. Indeed, Little Voice’s inevitable tragic fall can be inferred from the title, but the exposition suggests that she does not possess Greek Hubris, since Mari mentions that she ‘hardly ever speak[s]’. Moreover, Cartwright uses Realism, through use of colloquial diction, such as ‘damn stinking’ to highlight the ordinarity of Little Voice’s life before her short-lived fame.The play opens in complete ’Darkness’ , which is generally used to symbolise the evasion of truth and reality. Perhaps Little Voice causes ‘blackout[s]’ , since they enable her to escape her reality, where Mari considers her records ‘bloody shit’ and live in a world where music is paramount. Furthermore, the repetition of ‘Darkness’ suggests the regularity of the blackouts, which is corroborated by Little Voice’s comment ‘not again’ when the loudness of her records cause the fuse to blow. However, the unstable fuse could simply represent the poor and ‘lower-class life’ setting of the play. Moreover, Cartwright belonged to the ‘new writing’ genre in British theatre, which experimented with dramatic structure in order to be confrontational and provocative about the social policies of Thatcherism. Therefore, opening in complete darkness would have kept his audience in suspense and contrasted to the standard opening of past British plays, where the curtain’s rising was met with light and action. In The Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad determines that darkness represent s the evil within humans. Therefore, Cartwright opening the play in ‘darkness’ could suggest that the play is didactic and focuses on the idea of morality.In addition, the play is a melodrama, where morality is black and white, and so the ‘darkness’ could symbolise the immorality, and so irresponsibility of Mari’s drunkenness, which seems habitual, as Little Voice can instantly identify that she is ‘drunk’. Whilst Mari is drunk ‘she screams’ and commands Little Voice to do the same. Thus, the dominance she exerts proves her to be the mother, despite her immature demands. Furthermore, Cartwright uses violent verbs in reference to Mari’s actions, such as ‘smashing’ to describe her drunken state, creating pathos towards Little Voice. The ambivalence presented of Mari and Little Voice towards screaming emphasises their contrasting personas, as well as Mari’s habitual undermining of Little Voice†™s timid and repressed attitude. Mari’s domination is best presented through ‘Shut that up! Stop it! Get it off! Get it!’ to which Little Voice ‘runs upstairs fast’, demonstrating her obedience. Furthermore, the circular structure of the scene, which begins with ‘darkness’ and ends with a ‘blackout’ symbolises the repetitive nature of Little Voice’s life, and indeed its emptiness. Consequently, the intensive stage directions provided where Little Voice takes on the responsibility of caring for her mother, ‘She rolls her over on settee and tucks Mari’s coat around her, takes off Mari’s shoes, places them carefully. Covers Mari’s ears with pillows’ advocates a routine. Throughout The Rise and Fall of Little Voice music is a ‘leitmotiv’ and serves as Little Voice’s escapism. Little Voice ‘finds herself through the medium of song’ by listening to the records of powerful music divas of the 1940s to 60s: Shirley Bassey, Judy Garland, Marilyn Monroe, Edith Piaf and Gracie Fields. Certainly, Shirley Bassey and Judy Garland records are played during the exposition, which acts as a foreshadow to the other singers in the latter parts of the play. Ironically, the medium through which Little Voice choices to communicate, Mari despises, since the records make her ‘want to be sick all over the house’. Therefore, music is not only a motif and Little Voice’s device for escapism, but a symbol of their mother-daughter conflict. Perhaps Cartright’s specific choice of ‘Come Rain or Come Shine’ by Judy Garland confirms that Little Voice will always care and look after her mother, whether they are ‘Happy together’ or ‘unhappy together’ . Indeed, in the stage directions Little Voice and Mari ‘stumble together’ and ‘fall together’, which emphasises their uni fication and verifies the reference. Furthermore, the moment when ‘Mari moans and mumbles. LV stops, turns back’ certainly holds the potential to be a ‘tableau vivant’, which would emphasise Little Voice’s love for her mother, despite their differences.In essence, Cartwright effectively establishes the volitile mother-daughter relationship between Little Voice and Mari, although the collective pronoun ‘they’ creates hope for a closer relationship in the future. Similarily, although Little Voice is presented as timid and reserved, she does have a rebellious nature, since when she ‘takes’ her Shirley Bassey record ‘off’, she ‘begins putting another one on’, which foreshadows her found confidence when performing on stage later in the play. Moreover, Cartwright introduces central themes, such as music and darkness in the exposition to emphasise their importance and foreshadow their constant appearance throughout the play.

United States Enacted The Patient Protection And...

In 2010, through President Barrack Obama’s advocacy, the United States enacted the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (â€Å"PPACA†) in an effort to ensure that all Americans have access to health coverage. As part of the PPACA Congress directed the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (â€Å"HHS†) to develop and implement a Medicare Self –Referral Disclosure Protocol. The SRDP is intended to foster the resolution of potential or actual violations of Stark. This Section will give an in depth look at disclosures prior to SRDP, its enactment and the important developments in its brief existence. 1. Disclosures Prior to the SRDP Prior to this enactment providers had the option to make unsolicited or voluntary refunds to Medicare administrative contractors who process claims and issue payments on behalf of CMS. Generally, these refunds are in the form of adjustment bills or checks. The Medicare contractors process the refunds and review the circumstances surrounding the overpayment and take appropriate steps to resolve the issue. Entities could also request an advisory opinion from CMS to resolve violations. For CMS to consider an advisory opinion the requester must be a party to the existing agreement and is the only individual or entity that may rely on that opinion. Also, entities could make disclosures through the Office of Inspector General (â€Å"OIG†) under its Self-Disclosure Protocol (â€Å"SDP†). Today a Stark violation may still beShow MoreRelatedPatient Protection, Affordable Care Act, and the Uninsured702 Words   |  3 PagesPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Uninsured: One of the major social problems in the United States is the increasing number of uninsured people who are among the vulnerable populations in the America. 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Being Proper at an Iranian Wedding - 1976 Words

Iranian Wedding Iran is a plateau located in Southwestern Asia between the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf. Persian not only refers to the primary language spoken, but also the cultural sphere of civilization populations such as Iraq and central Asia (Countries and Their Cultures 1). The ritual that will be discussed in this paper is Iranian (Persian) wedding which is part of the Twelver Shi’ism, the official religion of the state which began in the 17th century by Safavid Dynasty (Countries and Their Cultures 1). The historical roots of the ritual will be discussed, who first practice it, what the goal of it is, how the ritual is conducted, who must be present, what actions are taken, and the duration, as well as how the ritual has†¦show more content†¦Men had to have good education, manners, and a house. Class was a requirement as well. Had an upper class man married to a lower social class women, he would be deprived his right to inheritance, but his family wouldn’t abando n him, but if he was poor he would have been sentenced to death (ZanjaniAsl 1). Iranian Muslims couldn’t marry in certain months like safar, mourning month for Iman, or 40th day of death. Different kinds of marriages were allowed such as mari-lateral cross-cousin marriages. This was in order to inherit wealth from grandparents, but the main principle was marrying once. Despite the allowance of polygyny marriages, they were rarely practiced (Countries and Their Cultures 1). The most common form of marriage was called padesha zan for woman marrying for the first time have to have their sibling at the wedding, and have equal rights to the husbands possessions (ZanjaniAsl 1). There are two parts to an Iranian wedding, the â€Å"Aghd† where the couple and their parents sign a marriage contract and set a price â€Å"majr† on the bride at her parents’ house. Only close family members and friends are invited. The 2nd stage is the reception, â€Å"Jashn-e Arrosi† that involves more people for feasts and celebrations and lasts 3-7 days. â€Å"Persian weddings usually consist of a very large number of guests. 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Money Laundering is being employed by launderers worldwide to conceal criminal activity associated with it such as drug / arms trafficking, terrorism and extortion. Robinson states that â€Å"Money laundering is called what it is because that perfectly describes what takes placeRead MoreUAE Consumer Lifestyle Analysis42818 Words   |  172 Pages2005-2009 49 Table 56 Consumer Expenditure on Clothing and Footwear (Constant 2009 Value): 2005-2009 49 Table 57 Consumer Expenditure on Clothing and Footwear (Constant 2009 Value): 2010-2020 50 Health and Wellness 50 Healthcare 50 Health and Well-being 51 Sport and Fitness 52 Nutrition 53 Home Medication and Vitamins 53 Table 58 Health Expenditure: 2005-2009 54 Table 59 Healthy Life Expectancy at Birth: 2005-2009 54 Table 60 Obese and Overweight Population: 2005-2009 54 Table 61 Consumer ExpenditureRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagestheoretical and practical, the first being confined to the knowledge of the heavens (with the parenthesis that speech is a kind of magic) and the second consisting in making use of the natural kingdoms, animal, vegetable and mineral (pp.9-10). This principle of discrimination holds good, by and large, for the arrangement of the whole work. The chapter concludes with certain astronomical and astrological matters. Chapter 3 deals with the reasons for the heavens’ being spherical in form, with the degrees

Blood Brothers free essay sample

Mrs Johnstone is portrayed as a stereotypical working class mother. In the introductory song, Russell uses Mrs Johnstone to create this stereotype. We got married at the Registry an then we had a do† Mentioning the Registry, Russell is trying to show that working class people are unable to fund a wedding in a church. Also, using the term do Russell is exemplifying the language that people of a working class background use, unlike somebody of upper class who would probably use the term wedding reception. However, Mrs Johnstone proves she is aspiring to be Upper Class when Russell uses her opinions of an upper class lifestyle. We all had curly salmon sandwiches. † Mrs Johnstone, like all stereotypical working class people thinks that salmon sandwiches make them look as if they were upper class. Also, the reference to the â€Å"curl† of the sandwiches implies that they have been made and were prepared much earlier, which once again conveys their social class. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Brothers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, on the wedding theme, â€Å"An’ how the ale did flow†, this shows how poorly these people’s expectations are. At a stereotypical wedding, people drink wine, or Champagne, but because of lack of money, and the rush to get married due to the pregnancy of Mrs Johnstone, the guests drink ale. Also, this suggests that all the friends at the wedding reception, or â€Å"do† are working class people. Another theme that emphasises how desperately poor the Johnstones are, is the theme of friendship and love, linked between Eddie, Mickey and Linda and how they are all friends, but it gradually brakes apart, Mickey and Lindas friendship develops into love, and Mickey and Eddies friendship firstly breaks up when Eddie is forced to move away by his parents, then again later in the play when Mickey becomes depressed he begins to become jealous of Eddie, again leading up to the tragic consequences. This jealousy is brought upon by class difference. Mickey has no money, therefore he is unable to care for his wife and child, therefore must turn to other ways of getting money, like turning to crime for example. Mickey participates in a crime with his elder brother Sammy, which leads to him being put in prison. During his sentence, he suffers from severe depression and turn to medication. When he returns home after years of imprisonment, he is faced with Linda trying to persuade him to stop taking the drugs. He becomes frustrated and angry with her pleading, which shows how weak and vulnerable people living in poverty are in such desperate conditions. He was imprisoned for helping his brother in a heist that would award him with ? 50. This is an excellent example of an effective contrast between the upper and working classes. ?50 is a very small sum of money, it just conveys how poor and desperate Mickey is, and also links with the friendship and love theme, but mainly, this is social class differences. Mickey’s determination to provide for his family is incredible; he will do ANYTHING to care for his family, and shows the reader just how similar different social classes are: they both want to care for their families. The audience clearly recognises how wealthy Edward’s family is, and that he does not have to worry about his needs, like the Johnstones. However, the Lyons’ might be well-off, but the question that arises with this family is; whether it is a family at all. At the beginning of the play, Mrs Johnstone gives one of her twins in order to keep her other children. Mrs Lyons uses her dominant role as an employer, and as an upper class citizen to exploit Mrs Johnstone’s situation as a desperate single mother of many children. Also, due to her lack of education (presumably) Mrs Johnstone is very religious, and extremely superstitious. This is probably due to her lack of money; therefore she must turn to superstition and religion for support. The reader is assured of these ideas when the audience is informed that her husband has left her, this is also a reason for her to turn to religion. It all comes down to her social class in the hierarchy of society. This is made clear in the song â€Å"Marilyn Monroe†. She sings of how she met a man that told her she looks like Marilyn Monroe, and then gets her pregnant. They have several more children, and then marry. He leaves her after saying that she looks â€Å"a bit like Marilyn Monroe†. This wraps the idea of social class into a neat bow, for the stereotype of working class men is for them to aspire to marry a nice looking woman, long legs etc. Therefore Mrs Johnstone fell into a false sense of love due to her class status, and ended up alone and vulnerable. Her children seem to be re-living history when Linda and Mickey break up after Eddie’s return from university. Overall, I believe that social class is the main theme in the play, and that Willy Russell has presented the theme very effectively. The two different families living in such a close distance from each other allows the audience to see the extremely varied lifestyles of higher and lower class living.

Stress and Strain Essay Example

Stress and Strain Essay Several mechanical properties of materials that are important in design are ascertained by applying tension, compression or shear load on the material.     Of the three, the most common mechanical stress-strain tests are performed in tension (Callister, 1997).   When performing tensile tests, the load and elongation are measured in relation to the cross-sectional area or original length of the material (before the elongation).   These geometric factors are normalized to the respective parameters of engineering stress and engineering strain. When a specimen has an original cross-sectional area Ao and original length lo is subjected to a uniaxial force F, engineering stress ÏÆ' and engineering strain ÃŽ µ (which are subsequently referred to as just stress and strain) are defined as:   and where l is the instantaneous length of the specimen (Schaffer, et. al, 1999).   For some materials, especially for most metals, subjected to low levels of tensile load, stress and strain are linearly related.   The linear relationship is referred to as Hooke’s law. As the stress is increased however, Hooke’s law ceases to be applicable as the linear relationship between stress and strain results to a curve.   At this instant plastic deformation occurs, which means that the deformation becomes permanent and nonrecoverable (Callister, 1997).   When stress is increased further, it will reach a maximum before resulting to fracture (the separation of the material into two or more pieces).   The maximum stress on the stress-strain curve is referred to as tensile strength and is the maximum stress that can be sustained by a material in tension.   When this stress is maintained, fracture will result. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress and Strain specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stress and Strain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stress and Strain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Compression tests are also done in almost the same manner as the tensile test except of course the force applied is compressive instead of tensile (Callister, 1997).   Compressive stress and strain are computed using the same formula presented above.   By convention, compressive force is taken to be negative which results to a negative stress.   In compression, since lo will be greater than l, the strain will likewise be negative.   And just like tensile strength, compressive strength is the maximum compressive stress applied to a material which when sustained results to the material being crushed.

Impact of The Invisible Man essays

Impact of The Invisible Man essays The constraints described in "The Invisible Man" imply we live in a country that is divided by race, ethnicity, religion and class (prejudices towards differences). A person's life is then heavily shaped around these perimeters. Some in the minority unfortunately try to deny these barriers to entry of the American elite by ignoring warnings and repressing past and present disparities and replacing them with hope. This behavior is brought forth by the natural defiance of a human to not be made believe that he is inferior, and from the confusion between the meanings of the laws of desegregation and social integration. The story of the Invisible Man describes the hardship and reality this path leads an African American, and in reality to many Minority-Americans. The first thing our reading points out is how divided Americans are and the reasons. The most basic fact is that the majority of American citizens are white of European ancestry. As in any other country, the majority rules. In this country the majority also enjoys the contributions of their minority (from slaves to modern sweat shops, to the front lines of war, music, sports, etc). To keep receiving these benefits laws are set that enable for such activities to occur. Americans will bend over backwards when some economic or political interest is made relevant to them (WTO's real intentions for example). However, it is taboo for a white person to assimilate into a minority culture making minorities non-American. Since 1607 whites have been melting together and have homogenized the American way of life. The laws for the American way of life place the Northern Europeans on the top with all other whites under them, then all other minorities and last the black man. This can be seen throughout all of our business and political establishments. Minorities are still urged to give it their best, but their best in never respected. Even when blacks or other minorities...

Organic memory transistor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organic memory transistor - Essay Example They (Fakher & Mabrooka, 2012) reported that the output characteristics for both the devices show perfect and good saturation area at low and high voltage; VDS respectively. They also found out that, in the control device, the mobility (Â µ), the threshold and the on/off rotation were 0.27cm2 V-1S-1, 16V and 4.1 X 104 respectively. However, in the organic memory floating gate; the mobility was found to be 0.04 cm2 V-1S-1, the threshold was between -23 and -47 volts while the on/off ratio was 2.3 X 103. For high mobility and increasing on/off ratio, the smooth surface, uniform and loose pin holes where the reverse proportionality of PMMA concentration which was above 15wt%, and can be a significant influence on the average grain region and average roughness of pentacene layer. They also stated that a clear trend was there to show that there was no hysteresis in the control transistor due to non charge storage element. In addition, they said that the gold floating gate of the organic memory transistor causes low mobility due to the gold nanoparticle affected to follow and carry charges from the first layer of PMMA through gold floating gate to the second layer of the PMMA in the insulator. ... That was when different pulses of OTMFTs were applied to the gate electrodes. This was evident in non-volatile state attitude for the organic thin film memory transistor device. Graphene oxide and floating gate: Other authors, including Tae-Wook Kim, Yan Gao, Orb Action, Hin-Lap, Hong Ma and others, also reported about the electrical characteristics of organic non-volatile memory transistors (ONVMTs) using chemically synthesized grapheme oxide (GO) as a charge trapping layer based on pentacene/PMMA/Grapheme oxide nanosheets/SiO2.GO (Kim, et al., 2010). the nanosheets were produced by modified Hammer’s process then deposited on top of SiO2 substrate using spin coating and hot plate (3000 rpm for 40s and 120C0 for 10 minutes), respectively. The drain/source contact was of gold and had a thickness of 50nm thick and a semiconductor layer of 50nm was deposited using thermal evaporation of pentacene. The GO nonosheets were located between PMMA and SiO2 layers of about 10nm of thickn ess. A clear trend, morphological properties of grapheme oxide such as rougher and coverage region were dependent on the concentration of its solution. The output and transfer characteristics of both the devices, namely; control (OFETs) device without grapheme nanosheets and (ONVMTs) device within GO nanosheets, have similar values of mobility ), threshold and on/off ration which were 0.16 cm2V-1S-1, 6.5V and 106 respectively. On the other hand, travelling electrons or hole from pentacene to GO nanosheets through PMMA layer resulted to hysteresis which was featured in the transfer characteristics of (ONVMT) device. However, there was no hysteresis in the control (OFET) due to the absence of the trap charge

New Technology that Could Substantially Improve the Output of the Essay

New Technology that Could Substantially Improve the Output of the Bio-Fuels - Essay Example While, solar energy seems to be new, but it is also being in utilization for many years for drying food products and heating water. Biofuel is such type of fuel that can be attained from living organisms. In this way, the energy stored and wasted by the living organisms can be utilized to attain energy. Living organisms both store and waste energy, like the tree and plants store energy in their stems that can be burnt to extract energy, in the similar way, mammals, birds and other animals can provide undigested food that could be utilized to extract energy by going through a certain process. The energy in the undigested food waste can be extracted in two ways; first methods is to dry the undigested food waste and then burn it to extract energy content of the waste and the second method is to biodegrade the waste and then capture the biogas evolved in the process. This paper assembles the different technologies that can enhance the output of the bio-fuels (Emma, np). Different types o f bio-fuels have to be processed differently and thus a different biofuel is obtained. The different types of bio-fuels that involve technology are biodiesel, bio-ethanol and biogas. Bio-ethanol is attained after the fermentation of such foods and food products that have a higher content of sugar, like sugar cane, corn, switch grass, etc. However, any biotic oil could have the potential to become biodiesel by undergoing a simple process that involve first heating and filtering the oil, then treating the oil with the methanol and then washing and drying (Blair, np). Washing and drying may utilize different chemicals like hydroxides, etc. Biogas is extracted through the bio-digest plant that digests the waste food or animal waste utilizing certain type of microorganisms and bacteria to eat up the wastes and generate biogas. Biogas is mostly methane gas; however, some content of sulphur oxides are also present in the gas. The important factor of the bio-digest plant is that the waster from the plant can be utilized as the fertilizers. The plant could be as small as to support a small house or could be as big as to supply fuel for a bigger power generation unit. The advances in all the bio-fuels technologies change the perspective of inputs to the fuel generation plant. For example, for a biogas generation system animal waste is the primary component, however, the technology made a possibility to utilizing any bio waste to generate bio gas. In the similar way, corn starch is the primary components of the bio-ethanol generation system but advancement in the technology made it possible to extract the ethanol from other food sources like switch grass and other plant waste. The advance technology enhanced the possibility of the bio-fuels to be utilized in a more appropriate manner and have major other application, like bio-aviation fuel, high efficiency bio-fuels, etc. The advanced bio-fuels may utilize food and bio wastes, agricultural residue, forestry residue (wood y biomass, etc), crops and non-food feed stocks. The major issue is to increase the sustainability of the bio-fuels and second generation bio-fuels generation are more sustainable as compared to the first generation bio-fuels. However, the product form the second generation

Organizational Structures Essay Example for Free

Organizational Structures Essay Organizations function in varied ways. Each organization is unique in its own accord and its overall design depends on two main criteria; coordination and communication. No matter what structure an organization chooses, the ultimate result is to achieve coordination between units and communicate effectively for proper decision making and implementation. The current buzz word being the networked economy and organizations, many firms are becoming more sophisticated and evolving into more interconnected entities than ever before. It is important however to note that not one single structure is the most successful one. A firms arrival at a decision to adopt a certain structure entails careful analysis of the requirements of the industry it operates in. Then only can it decide which structure suits it best. Dell, based in the US, is a truly global organization. With lead times of delivery ranging in days across the globe, Dell had no choice but to adapt a structure which complimented its nimble and lean supply chain. This resulted in them adopting a networked structure as opposed to more traditional functional setup. The main criterion is not coordination here, but the proper channels of communication which are necessary to deliver information is the cheapest, fastest and most reliable way. Moreover, product life cycles of Dell are shorter than most other products and this again meant a quick supply chain backed by the most efficient communications strategy. Dell has been able to adopt this structure quicker and has grown to an extent which many never expected it to achieve (Sviokla, 2004). Dell does have departments and functions like any other organizations; it’s the method by which they operate which is different. Each function is coordinated and communicates to achieve one primary goal; deliver the good to the customer in the shortest time possible. By having a networked organization, information travels at nearly the speed of light and decisions are thus made in a shorter time. This is what Dell required to stay on top of its competition in the PC industry and thus, it adopted the best possible structure within the industry. Toyota, based in Japan, is a name of reliability. Their automobiles are well known for cost effectiveness and long life. All this was only achieved by the top notch structure that Toyota eventually evolved into over its long history. The work at Toyota is done by divisions; teams of individuals in each ‘function’ operating on assembly lines to produce cars. This along with a just in time inventory approach has enabled Toyota to become a truly global automobile maker and trendsetter in the industry. Till Toyota adopted it, JIT was something that many, especially in the automobile industry, wouldn’t dare to emulate. Toyota realized how its inventory, being huge and with long lead times would clog up work space and result in huge costs due to rental, obsolescence etc. Thus Toyota did what Dell did but in a different manner, let the supplier remain the owner of the materials until they are needed. This called for not just a good communications setup but an exceptional coordinated effort by the firms various functions as well. A delay in one function meant a halt in the whole firm as each is dependent on the other. Thus Toyota needed a structure which was stable, coordinated and yet, able to communicate well with its suppliers as well as dealers. This came in the form of an organization which was capable of dissipating knowledge throughout its firm effectively and acts upon decisions made quickly (Choo, 2002). This means that Toyota is a matrix organization rather than a functional one which one might think it is at first glance. Secondly, it various factories internationally could be seen as SBU’s (Strategic Business Units) working autonomously yet liked to a central point. Reference http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/orgtheory.htm

Child Abuse Prevention Programs Essays -- Child Development

Introduction Child maltreatment is a pervasive problem in the United States, as well as other countries. Child maltreatment touches everyone, from the child to the nurse that cares for the child to the entire community. I have chosen to research this problem because of its far reaching effects on the community and its preventable nature. Research on prevention Research on the prevention of child maltreatment focuses on home visitation programs, abusive head trauma prevention programs, and parent training programs (Krugman, Lane, & Walsh, 2007). Mikton and Butchart (2009) also concluded that there are four promising intervention, which include: home visitation, parent education, abusive head trauma education, and programs that have multi-components. Krugman, Lane, and Walsh (2007) note that it has been hard to test the effectiveness of these programs because many programs have not integrated robust program evaluation or meticulous research methodology. Interestingly, laws banning corporal punishment have been looked at as a prevention technique. Sweden was the first country to ban corporal punishment of child by any caregiver and research found that there was a reduction of infant mortality from child abuse (Krugman, Lane, & Walsh, 2007). However, Roberts states that it was not the ban but the change in the attitude towards corporal punishment that caused the reduction in child abuse (as cited in Mikton & Butchart, 2009). Parent education programs, community child abuse prevention programs, abusive head trauma programs are all promising, however, they have not been studied well. It has been shown that these all decrease the risk factors for child abuse; nonetheless, there is insufficient evidence that these programs ... ... Care Professionals. Pediatrics, 127(4), 962-969. Hien, D., Cohen, L. R., Caldeira, N. A., Flom, P., & Wasserman, G. (2010). Depression and anger as risk factors underlying the relationship between maternal substance involvement and child abuse potential. Child Abuse and Neglect, 34, 105-113. Krugman, S. D., Lane, W. G., & Walsh, C. M. (2007). Update on child abuse prevention. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 19, 711-718. Leventhal, J. M., Martin, K. D., & Gaither, J. R. (2012). Using US Data to Estimate the Incidence of Serious Physical Abuse in Children . Pediatrics, 129, 458-464. Mikton, C., & Butchart, A. (2009). Child maltreatment prevention: a systematic review or reviews. Bulletin of World Health Organization, 87, 353-361. Newton, A. W., & Vandeven, A. M. (2010). Child abuse and neglect: a worldwide concern. Cerrent Opinion Pediatrics, 22, 226-233.

Mass Surveillance Essay

The affair began on June 17, 1972, when the local police arrested five men for breaking and entering into the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex. The police found on the burglars a slush fund used by the committee for the re-election of the President Richard Nixon and listening devices. They look secrets agents more than burglars. As Washington is a federal district, the affair was charged to the F. B. I. Within hours after that, the F. B. I discovered a name of a C. I. A officer in the address book of one of the burglars. The officer was a member of a secret operative team charged by the President to protect confidential documents inside the white house. Although the burglary seemed to be an operation led by former employees of the White House in order to spy on Democratic Party elections plans, the FBI investigation was not going away. The case was covered by the head of F. B. I Patrick Gray. Who was shortly before appointed by the President in place of J. Edgar Hoover (dead in May, 1972). The President had chosen his friend instead of William Mark Felt, the Bureau’s Associate Director, the second-ranking post in the F. B. I after Hoover. At first, the case made a very little noise and seemed to be covered up. Nixon reelected for another four years in November 1972. He defeated McGovern, the democratic leader, with over 60 percent of the popular vote. Until end of 1972, when the two Washington Post journalists: Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein revealed the affair in public. They had been informed by an F. B. I whistleblower (he revealed himself in 2005 and he was William Mark Felt, the number two in the F. B. I at that moment). The affair was covered by many other media like Time Magazine, and The New York Times and they accused the President and his administration. Who also accused the media of making wild accusations, putting too much emphasis on this story. Months later, the affair had a dramatic consequents and political repercussions, an investigation conducted by the Senate with democratic majority. It was revealed that President Nixon had a tape-recording system in his office and he had recorded many conversations. Recordings from these tapes implicated the president revealing that he had known about the affair and had attempted to cover up. After a protracted round of bitter court battles, the U. S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the president had to hand over the tapes to government investigators, he ultimately handed over. Facing near-certain impeachment in the House of Representatives and a strong possibility of a conviction in the Senate, Nixon resigned the presidency on August 9, 1974. His successor, Gerald Ford, issued a pardon to him. The Watergate scandal resulted in 69 government officials being charged and 48 being found guilty like vice president, F. B. I head, C. I. A officers, and all members of president’s administration.

Archaeology Equipment The Tools of the Trade